The Difference in a Womans Path towards Incarceration to...

Women’s path towards incarceration tends to a totally different path than that of their male counterparts, according to the NIC in a study in 2003. The majority of women who end up in prion have a dependent that they are the primary caregivers of. According to the study conducted by the NIC, â€Å"80% of women who enter prison are mothers, nearly 85% of those have custody and 70% of women who enter prison have at least one child under the age of 18,† (Schmalleger, p 454). According to the book Criminal Justice Today, â€Å"one out of four women entering prison has either recently given birth or is pregnant,† (Schmalleger, p 455). As of the year 2010 women accounted for 7% of the prisons, both federal and state, population (Schmalleger, p 454). This figure has grown by 3% since the year 1981(Schmalleger, p 454). Women’s prisons tend to be much further away from their homes and in turn making it difficult for their children to be able to come and visit them when they are allowed to. According to the NIC’s study in Criminal Justice Today, the breakdown of women’s offense is;†34% drug offense, 27% property offense, 8% violent offense, 11% public-order offense these are the facts for state prisons, federal prison facts are; 72% drug offense, 12% property offense, 7% violent offense, 8% public-order offense, and 1% other,† (Schmalleger, p 455). One couldn’t possibly even imagine the effect it has on the children of the mothers incarcerated. Studies have shown that children with atShow MoreRelatedCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 Pagesforces of good and bad Deviance = sin Cause and cure of deviant behaviour in the realm of the supernatural Deviance has cosmic consequences 1. Harmful to victims 2. God 3. The entire cosmos Two paths to Demonic Deviance Temptation Model: Individuals are tempted and persuaded by the devil Path of position (possession): Individuals lacks choice, not responsible for actions. The solution to this possession is exorcism How to diagnose the Handiwork of the Devil Trial by ordeal: accused wouldRead MoreEssay on Vietnam6962 Words   |  28 Pagesthe people who make up the society, their origins, dominant beliefs and values, their common interests and the issues on which they are divided, the nature and extent of their involvement with national institutions, and their attitudes toward each other and toward their social system and political order. GENERAL INFORMATION 1 Official Name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam Capital: Hanoi Location: A republic of Southeast Asia, bordered by China on the north, the South China SeaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesJean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8 A Century of Environmental Transitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the

Drugs Essay - 1467 Words

The United States is by far the richest and most powerful country in the world. We citizens take for granted luxuries that people of other countries can only dream. Yet in our society there are serious social issues that for reasons unknown are not being addressed. One of the most important issues that typical politicians are afraid to address is that of what to do with the nation’s illegal drug problems. Although we hear terms like quot;The War on Drugsquot; and quot;Drug Treatmentquot;, a fresh approach to this issue is needs to come soon. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The country should take a new look at drug legalization as a solution to a problem that has been long out of control. Addiction and drug abuse are such â€Å"buzzwords†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Since drugs are considered the demon here in America, citizens use as a method of rebelling as well as out of curiosity of 4 what the big deal is. Contrary to popular belief, using a drug for its euphoric effect is not a bad thing and dates back historically to the beginning of time. Hundreds of tests have been conducted on addicts and the result is that the setting and mind set are the reasons for addiction. What should be done is to build a cultural setting of more tolerance and less guilt. Legalizing drugs is a viable alternative to the current policy on drugs in America. If the government would legalize and regulate drugs a substantial industry and tax income would result. The jail overcrowding problem would be reduced by fifty percent in some estimates and violent crime would decline. Of course there are those who believe that legalization will turn our whole country into drug addicts. There is no evidence to support this. Making something illegal only creates a taboo, which people challenge and break because they know it’s wrong. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The government should not be allowed to prosecute non-violent offenders for consensual crimes committed in their own homes, thus complying with the U.S. Constitution. It seems the government is saying one thing and doing another. If such a negative attitude of drugs is really what the country wants why then drugs should not be glamorizedShow MoreRelatedThe Drug Of Drugs And Drugs Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone offered you some sort of drug, whether it is a street drug or a pharmaceutical drug. What would you do? You may think it’s not such a big deal to go ahead and try it. You think it’s only one time right. However, some things can be addictive or kill you immediately like heroine. Other things make people slowly addict themselves to it, or to the experience of being high. They will put their lives and other peoples live in jeopardy for this drug or feeling these drugs give them. They will lose everyoneRead MoreThe Drug Of Drugs And D rugs995 Words   |  4 Pages Many times these drugs affect the brain and in result, cause the addiction to occur. More and more there are people coming into the hospital from a heroin overdose, are released from the hospital, go back out, and inject the drug. The drug is so powerful that these individuals do not see what is happening to them as they slowly kill themselves. There are multiple drugs that are classified as narcotics. Narcotics are defined by Merriam-Webster’s medical dictionary as, â€Å"a drug that in moderate doesRead MoreThe Drug Of Drugs And Drugs Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction heroine is a highly addictive, and also illegal drug. It is made from the resin of poppy plants. The opium is used to make morphine, then further into different forms of heroine. It was from opium that morphine, a derivative, was developed as a pain killer in approximately 1810. It eliminated severe pains, many of times used for medical operations. It made who ever used it be completely numb.Heroin was first made by Alder Wright in 1874 from morphine. Heroine is made from a black stickyRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1017 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s society, it is now normal to know somebody who has a drug addiction especially to opiates. A drug addiction is a mental disorder that the person can no longer control thei r actions. The person addicted to the drug will no longer care about the outcome of their actions as long as they can get that high they are seeking. **from textbook pg. 303** â€Å"Opioids are classified as narcotics- strongly addictive drugs that have pain relieving and sleep-inducing properties. Opioids include both naturallyRead MoreDrugs And Drug Use870 Words   |  4 Pagesrelates to juveniles doing drugs. They do not just get the idea one day to do drugs without first being exposed to it by someone close to them or just seeing someone do it in front of them. Juveniles are still kids so they are curious about how things work. Most times when a juvenile is a high- risk youth and are using drugs, they have usually seen a family member or a close friend doing a drug and want to try. When adolescents become unable to function is when they abuse drugs. If an adolescent is unableRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesWhen people first hear the word drug, they think of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. They also think about the user and sometimes why they use. One thing that is overlooked by the public is the treatment programs that are available to drug users. There is a stigma in our society around drug use that is very negative. Many believe that people that do drugs do them just to do them and even if this is true in some cases, no one wakes up one morning and decides that today is the dayRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1363 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Addiction According to National Institute on Drug Abuse, iIn 2013, a survey reported that an estimated 24.6 million Americans aged 12 or older had used an illegal drug in the past month. The first time someone uses a drug, it is usually voluntary. This first use is usually to mask certain emotions that they are currently going through. Repeated use can lead to changes in the brain that challenge an addict’s self control and interfere with their ability to resist the temptation of a drug, thisRead MoreDrug Of Drug And Drug Abuse1538 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Resistance Drug use has become an increasing problem among high schoolers and teenagers around the same age. Ever since the drug war of the 1900s, drugs have been a major problem in today’s society. â€Å"Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and other byproducts were common in twentieth century America† (Dobkin, 1998). While most students in standard high school drug education know about the use of coca leaves in Coca-Cola and the opium trade in China, drug addiction during the century is muchRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1599 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Addiction Drugs is one of the biggest problems that the world has. It is everywhere in the world and it is one of the most common problems that the government wants to overcome. Many people have become addicted and that’s one of the many causes why many of the drug addicts lose their families. Having an addiction takes time to control within yourself. There are centers of rehabilitation that are very helpful and could show how to overcome a drug addiction. Getting help from others can by helpfulRead MoreThe Drug Of Illicit Drugs2280 Words   |  10 Pagesin the laundering of drugs and that major drug cartels in Mexico continually rake in profits in the region of ten to thirty billion dollars annually (UNESCOPRESS 2002). This goes to highlight the huge underworld of dealings in illicit drugs, not just in Mexico but globally. Following the UN Conventions of 1961, 1971 and 1988 states internationally, in particular the US, have waged an arguably failing war on drugs with one of the unde rlying motives being the reduction of drug-related crime. Such crimes

Sony Playstation Being Hacked Free Essays

On April 27 the world was shocked to find out that the Germans hacked one of the biggest companies in the world. Sony Play station has been around for many of years, they have grown to be a big accomplishment to the world. The Sony Company has television, video games, and online access. We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Playstation Being Hacked or any similar topic only for you Order Now The only company I really grew up using was being hacked, and had to shut the whole system down. The gamers aren’t the only ones in trouble from being hacked, but if you bought anything from Sony such as a television, or a game on the internet the hackers may have your credit card number. The reason why this article interested me, because you would never think in a million years that this would happen to a big company that everyone uses. Hackers would have your personal information that you should only know. One thing that stands out the most is that they have to shut down the whole system, so by you having a Playstation 3 your internet is down. That means no Netflix, downloading, or anything right now that has to do with the system. The United States is a big thing on technology, that’s what we rely on to get use through our everyday life. This is a big economical and social problem for the users of Sony. They have hacked more than 77 million user’s information, which mean that by them doing that they have messed up a lot of people trust with the company. The new users wouldn’t trust the company, and probably go to a company that they will feel that their personal information will be in safe hands. The Company will not be making money, because they had to shut the whole system down. That’s mean no buying movies, downloading games, etc, and that where the big money comes from. How to cite Sony Playstation Being Hacked, Papers

Theories of Aggression free essay sample

Abstract We live in a society where aggressive acts happen every day, but do we really know what causes it? Why do certain people seem more aggressive than others? Is there just one thing that controls when and how aggressive someone becomes? How can we come to explain such acts of aggression and violence? Are they a result of societal influences, or are some individuals biologically predisposed to crime? Do brain disorders, hormonal and chemical imbalances, environmental factors, such as heat, noise, air pollution and overcrowding increase our aggression level? Or is it something we choose to obtain?These are all questions that researchers have been addressing for many years. Some scientists try to treat the abnormal aggressive behavior with medication, while others go deeper and try to find out why they have abnormal behavior. Some answers are biological, like genes and hormones, other answers are psychological, like rejection as a cause of aggression, and still others are cultural , blaming aggression on violence in the media. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Aggression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to try to understand where aggression may arise from, you must understand how aggression is defined as well as the possibilities that may cause it. This paper attempts to analyze factors dealing with nature vs. nurture and examine some of the existing theories of aggression. The theories can be classified into three groups: Freuds instinct theory along with Konrad Lorenz’s biological theory (Myers, pg. 334), the frustration aggression hypothesis by John Dollard (Myers, pg. 338), and Bandura’s social learning theory (Myers, pg. 342). After finding the evidence produced for each, it is my goal to draw a conclusion about which theory seems most supported and reasonable. Whos to Blame for Aggression? Ever felt you need to smash something or punch someone, yet you couldnt and had to kick the wall instead? Ever wondered why children yell and scream when they want something badly? Ever wondered why a parent of any kind would fight and kill if been threatened? The answer is aggression. Aggression is an action. It is intended to harm someone. Such behavior may take the form of physical attack against people or their possessions, or verbal attack such as insults, threats, sarcasm, or fear.Aggression also seems to be a way of maintaining social order among many species. The nature vs. nurture topic has been debatable for the aggressive aspects of human behavior. The argument for nature is linked to biological reasons such as chemical, hormonal, or genetic basis. However, I personally believe that aggression is highly triggered by nurture aspects that involve societal reasons such as cognitive factors, family factors, economical factors, and peer influences. An analysis of the three major theories of aggression will help us streamline the top causation to aggression.Firstly, Freuds instinct theory projected that aggression is an instinctive biological urge referred to as an innate behavior that is part of our genes, but does not give a real source for the aggression. The assumption behind his theory is life and death instincts; an example of this is fighting for survival. According to Fraud’s theory, aggression was the main representative of the death instinct. This theory is based on assumptions and it doesn’t seem to convince me why someone has to be aggressive to maintain what they want and need. It appears to be linked to biological issues, because it is supposed to be instinctual, but what is it an instinct for? On that note, Konrad Lorenz looked at instinctual aggressiveness as some type of evolution. He says we have a biological need for aggression and it gets stronger as time passes and that our genes play a role in maintaining aggression to produce satisfaction. Despite what many theorists believe, in most cases I think aggression is not biological. It is a characteristic that people learn or get influenced by from other sources.Secondly, one of the first psychological theories of aggression is the frustration aggression theory. Frustration is a feeling of tension that occurs when our efforts to reach goals are blocked. If something happens to prevent people from achieving a goal, their frustration is likely to turn to aggression. The closer you get to a goal, the greater the excitement and expectation of the pleasure. Therefore, the closer you are, the more frustrated you get by being held back. Unforeseen occurrence of the frustration tends to increase the level of aggression.For example, if you failed on your final exam you will definitely become frustrated, but what if someone you barley know told you â€Å"You are such an idiot not to pass that exam†. In this case, your stored frustration will surely turn into aggression. I am supportive of this theory because it makes full sense of what triggers our minds to act angrily in some situations. On the other hand, this theory doesn’t apply on everyone and frustration alone is not the primary reason why some countries have skyrocketing crime rates. Finally, the social learning theory is the most well supported and documented theory of aggression, put forward by Albert Bandura. It tackles human aggression as something that is largely learned by watching other people behave aggressively. It is also learned when we are rewarded or punished for aggression. He argued that children learn aggressive responses from observing others, through the reinforcement of family members, the media and the environment. For instance, children who watch violence on TV, tend to gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems by imitating the violence they observe on TV.The media defends itself from the charge of encouraging violence by stating they are simply reflecting what exists. It’s like a chain reaction that passes on from one person to another. I am highly supportive of this theory, and I believe that it is the leading cause to aggression. In conclusion, everyone has felt anger or aggression at some point of their lives, and we all face the same challenge of trying to control our temper. In my overall examination of aggression theories, I analyzed the existing evidence in support of the ideas of instinctual causes, biological factors, frustration, and social influences.Freud and Konrad Lorenz said that people behaved aggressively because it is human nature to be hostile and aggressive towards people who we dislike. They said that heredity, hormones, or brain dysfunction were the possible causes. I cannot support this theory of aggression because they’re mainly based on hypotheses and there is no existing empirical evidence to support it. Even though the biological theories of aggression have much to offer about the physical and neurobiological causes of aggressive acts but there is only limited evidence as of yet in this area. Secondly, the frustration theory offers a reasonable explanation to why humans aggress towards unaccomplished goals, but not everyone has that feature, so we can’t rely on this theory as the leading cause. Finally, the most influential cause is the social learning theory occurs from observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in others. All in all, aggression cannot and should not be explained by just one of these theories in particular. Rather, by combining the strengths of all the aggression theories, one can obtain a general and dependable ideology.

Spanish Missions In Texas Essays - San Antonio Missions,

Spanish Missions In Texas The Spanish Mission During the 1600s to 1700s, the Spanish were settling Texas. They did this by building missions and presidios throughout the land. The purpose was to keep the French out and to change the Indians' ways of life. Some of these missions failed and some succeeded. All in all they were closed after years of trying to change the Indians. The first mission built in Texas was Corpus Christi de la Ysleta. This mission was built in 1682 and built east of today's El Paso. Because it was out in the mountains and basins region of Texas, the weather must have been very harsh. Priests at this mission had been escaping from an Indian uprising in New Mexico. This mission was the first permanent European settlement built in Texas. Around this time La Salle's fort had also been built. San Francisco de los Tejas is another one of the first missions. It was the first mission built in East Texas. It was called Tejas because they had met Hasinai people along the Colorado River. The word Tejas means friend. The Tejas mission was built after the Spanish found out about La Salle's fort. Tejas was built out of logs, unlike many of the missions. This was probably so because it was built in the Piney Woods or Post Oak Belt subregion. Trees in these subregions are plentiful. Tejas had been intended for the Caddo tribe. The Caddo were the most advanced tribe and didn't need the food, protection, or shelter the priests offered. Without the Caddo's support the mission was failing greatly. The Spanish government decided to stop funding money for the mission. Before the priests went back to Mexico, they buried the bell and hoped to return one day. The Spanish decided to build a settlement between New Spain and East Texas. It would be a midway stop. They decided it would be located on the San Antonio River. San Jose was one of these settlements. It was made of limestone and was built in 1720. A nickname it had was The Queen of Missions. Close by was San Antonio de Valero, or also known as the Alamo. It had carvings in the windows and the doorways that were complicated and beautiful. The carvings were made when the limestone was just unearthed. When limestone is just quarried it's relatively soft. It hardens with age and exposure to air. Many missions were built on the San Antonio River. Missions in East Texas were moved to the San Antonio. Some of them changed their names. San Jose was the most successful mission in that spot. It led to the settlement of San Antonio later on. When the Spanish built missions to change the Indians they didn't realize all the work it would take. The French weren't really a problem anymore. The Spanish government decided to close down the missions because they required a lot of time, work, and money. The results they got weren't worth the trouble. The missions that were failing were closed. The missions that were a success closed, although they took the land for the missions and split it among the Indians that stayed till the end. Some families that had ancestors at the missions still live there today on the land their ancestors recieved. History Essays

Free Essays on Business Marketing

By: Maria Kath Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm. Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his conviction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recogni... Free Essays on Business Marketing Free Essays on Business Marketing By: Maria Kath Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm. Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his conviction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recogni...

Business Case for Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Case for Investment - Research Paper Example mme contribute in the investment, what things are done in order the projects can fit with future and current capabilities, the funds and resources needed and the delivery of the benefits acquired. Business case development should be in possession of a sponsor of the business and later all the stakeholders should be involved in documenting and creating a business result of an investment that is complete. Curley (2004) asserts that the business case should illustrate how business results are measured and the initiatives needed in achieving a good result. The initiatives are either any changes of the nature of the business enterprise, processes in the business, and skills of the people, technology involved and competencies. The business case identifies how these initiatives contribute in the business. Risks are needed to be spotted and documented. The sponsor of the business is the one who will make a decision on whether to go on with an IT-facilitated investment. He also verifies if the business case is viable to be evaluated on the portfolio stage. Distinguishing between the processes needed to be followed when getting on IT-facilitated investment is important. The investment category, size of the investment and the position of the investment in the financially viable life sequence are factors that establish business case parts that need more attention (Curley, 2004). In an IT-facilitated investment, the business case considers the resources needed to be developed, a technology service to support the investment, business and operational capability and the values of the stakeholder. The business case is usually developed from top to down. In creating a business case, a clear recognition of the outcomes desired in a business should be the one starting. When the investment is endorsed, delivery of the capabilities needed and the outcomes should be monitored and managed in the investment’s life sequence (Ross, 2001). The components in the business case are

Elizabeth Murray'abstract art gives me special meanings Essay

Elizabeth Murray'abstract art gives me special meanings - Essay Example She portrayed a gloomy home life by bathing cartoonish technique, comprising kitchen utensils, desks, shoes, and others seen in houses. Personally, her paintings pushed me to think more profoundly about their goofy, ridiculous, and comical nature, but I only felt somewhat disturbed. In her earlier works, Murray depicted human features, by interweaving non-figurative colors, lines, and shapes. She used multi-paneled installations, alongside vibrant and daring colors to fascinate and trick the viewers’ eyes. She made use of every dimension, and is particularly recognized for her designed canvasses (Lacayo para 2-3). Her naughty, silly, and wild technique is all about colorful composition and wild forms against the organized and methodical abstract art. She totally recreated Modernist abstraction into cartoonish humor and essence. The above picture is one perfect example of Murray’s wacky, spirited, yet deliberate, calculated technique. In this painting, she is combining abstract three-dimensional canvases to form scenery of unique shades, colors, and systematic mixtures. It is a large image of a hotchpotch, painting, and figure; mixed all in all and colored vibrantly and raises a sense of wackiness, but sympathetic accuracy which is integrated in all its exquisite disorder (PBS(a) para 4). The application of smooth, horizontal color reveals that she is not attempting to mislead the viewers or make them believe there is something deeper than what has been painted or shown in front of them. Based on my analysis, I think she is trying to guide her viewers to the reality that abstract images can be objects too. Even though these are not ordinary, mundane objects that can simply be recognized, I think she is attempting to copy commonplace objects employing her own artistry, ingenuity, and imagination. She makes use of living organic shapes all over the painting which look like human body parts. By condensing and squashing these humanlike shapes into her

Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab Report Example inch from the bottom of the crucible and it was isolated with the help of a glass fiber to make the cooling process of the sample retard. This gave the experimenter enough time to collect the data required (the change of temperature versus time). Every 5 seconds, the temperature was noted until the sample of melted Tin reached a temperature near 150C (10C above the freezing point of pure Tin) in order to prevent the thermocouple sheath from freezing. After the data was collected, a plot of temperature versus time was developed. The plot took the form of a curve, which is the Tin-cooling curve. The curve shows the cooling process,. Abstract: This experiment was directed at determining the melting point of pure Tin. For this purpose, a ceramic crucible containing pure Tin was heated in a furnace up to the temperature that was expectedly above the melting point of pure Tin. Once that was achieved, the sample of liquid Tin was put into a container that was filled with sand. A thermocoupl e sheath was placed into the melted Tin and was isolated with the help of a glass fiber. This retarded the cooling process of the sample of Tin and provided the experimenter with enough time to collect all of the required data (the change of temperature versus time).

Grievance handling procedure in Reliance Infocomm Limited

Grievance handling procedure in Reliance Infocomm Limited To develop a Grievance handling procedure for Reliance Infocomm after studying in detail the types and causes of grievances those are specific to Reliance Communication Limited. Objectives: To frame a Grievance Redressal Procedure for Reliance Infocomm Limited. To analyze the types of grievances that existed among the employees of Reliance Infocomm Limited. To obtain suggestions on the kind of Grievance Redressal Procedures from the employers of Reliance Infocomm Limited. Introduction: Every employee has certain expectations which he thinks must be fulfilled by the organization he is working for. When the organization fails to do this, he develops a feeling of discontent or dissatisfaction. When an employee feels that something is unfair in the organization, he is said to have a grievance. In the Industrial Relations language, Grievance is defined as anything which irritates or tends to make work conditions unsatisfactory and thereby harbors a discontent or dissatisfaction arising anything connected with the company that an employee thinks, believes or even feels, unfair, unjust. In this sense many of the controversial issues in Industrial Organizations may be said to arise as a result of incept or ill-advised handling or neglect of grievances which individually may appear trivial but collectively may become explosive. The basic objective of the project is to frame a Grievance Redressal Procedure for Reliance Infocomm Limited and to analyze the types of grievances that existed among the employees of Reliance Infocomm Limited. Telecommunications Industry IN India The telecommunications industries in India are highly competitive. The growth rates in the number of telecommunication lines (both fixed and mobile) have been growing quite significantly, teledensities have been steadily improving and the ratio of mobile to fixed communications has crossed unity. In addition to the distribution of telecommunications services, India has a sizeable telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry. India has followed a policy of establishing a stand alone public laboratory, which was charged with the responsibility of developing a family of digital switching equipments and then transferring this generated technology to domestic public and private sector telecom equipment manufacturers. The telecommunications industry is a good example of the fact while having cheap factor endowments is necessary for a country to establish its presence in the international market; ability to move up the innovation ladder is a sufficient condition for that to occur. India is been considered to be the emerging technological giant from the developing world. India spent about one percent of their GDP on RD and have a growing number of patents issued in the US to their local inventors. India is an acknowledged powerhouse in embedded software, business software in general, chip designs and in pharmaceuticals. India has one of the largest telecommunications networks in the world. Reliance Infocomm is part of a large Indian conglomerate namely Reliance Industries. The American telecoms company, Qualcomm that pioneered the CDMA technology, holds about 4 per cent of the shares of Reliance Infocomm. Qualcomm makes money from royalties every time a chipset is inserted into CDMA phones and other network equipment as well as from license fees. Further based on my discussions with Midas Communications, it could be seen that the order from Reliance Infocomm has led to a large quantum of orders from both elsewhere within the country and from abroad. For instanc e, following test-run with 25,000 CorDect systems in 24 cities across nine states for over an year, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) has recently awarded a contract for over 0.6 million CorDect lines. The BSNL contract is worth around Rs. 7 billion and is divided among Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd (HFCL), Indian Telephone Industries Ltd (ITI), and Electronic Corporation of India (ECI), Shyam Telecom and Hindustan Teleprinters Ltd (HTL). Literature Review Introduction In a broader perspective, any discontent or dissatisfaction, real or imaginary, experienced, by an employer about his or her employment constitutes a grievance. In their working lives, employees occasionally become aggrieved at the treatment meted out to them by the supervisors or the management on certain service conditions managerial decisions, practices, etc., A grievance should be treated as a show cause issued by the workmen against the management by an undertaking. Grievances can arise mainly under two conditions, namely: When management attempts or does something which it is not expected to do. When the management fails or refrains from doing something which it is expected to do. Thus a grievance is also an indicator of the organizational health. The complainant may or may not specifically assign reasons for dissatisfaction. But once the complaint is formally presented it has got be investigated and a solution is found out. According to Beach, D.S, and Personnel Administration, of People at Work, 1965, Any dissatisfaction or feeling of injustice in connection with ones employment situation that is brought to the notice of management. According to S. Chandra, Grievance Procedure: A Survey of Practices in India, 1968, the following causes have been given of employee grievances: Promotions, Amenities, Continuity of services, Compensation, Disciplinary action, Fines, Increments, Leave, Medical Benefits, Nature of the job, Payment of wages, Acting promotion, Recovery of dues, Safety appliance, Superannuation, Super session, Transfer, Victimization and Conditions of work. The handling of special grievances may involve special steps as well as, or in place of, skipping certain steps within normal grievance channels, by Petterfer, J.C, Effective Grievance Arbitration in California Management Review, 1970. According to Shea, John, Would Foremen Unionize? in Personnel Journal, 1970, There are always time limits between different steps of the grievance procedure. Additional steps are taken within a grievance system when labour is dissatisfied with the solution put forward by the lower line management. According to Jucius, J.M., Personnel Management, 1971, A grievance is any discontent or dissatisfaction, whether expressed or not, whether valid or not, arising out of anything connected with the company which an employee thinks, believes or even feels to be unfair, unjust or inequitable. Any real or imagined feeling of personal injustice which an employee has concerning his employment relationship by Keith Davis, Human Relations at Work, 1971. A written complaint filed by an employee and claiming unfair treatment by Dale Yoder, Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, 1972. The Indian Institute of personnel Management, Calcutta, in the year 1973, has briefly summarized the grievance procedure in the following five steps: In the first instance, the grievance should be settled at the lowest level, that is, the employee should raise his grievance with his immediate superior. It should be made clear to the employee that he may appeal if he does not get satisfaction from his immediate superior. He should know who the next person in the echelon of management is to whom he should refer his grievance. The grievance should be speedily dealt with If the grievance is against any instructions issued by the superior, the employee should clearly understand that, in the interest of discipline, the instructions must first be carried out before the grievance can be considered and decided upon. It is only when this has been done that the employer will register his protest and set the grievance handling procedure in motion. It should be clearly understood by the employee that there will be no recourse to any official machinery till the grievance redressal procedure has been set in motion and that, in the event the employee is still dissatisfied, there will be no direct action by either party which might prejudice the case or raise doubts while the grievance is being investigate. The grievance is usually more formal in character than a complaint. It can be valid or ridiculous, and must grow out of something connected with company operations or policy. It must involve an interpretation or application of the provisions of the labour contract says Flippo, Principles of Personnel Management, 1976. Chapman, Brad J., 1976, observes: An employees concern for his job security may prompt a grievance over a transfer, work assignment, or promotion. Sometimes bad relations between supervisors and subordinates are to blame: this is often the cause of grievances over fair treatment. Organizational factors like automated jobs or ambiguous job descriptions that frustrate or aggravate employees are other potential causes of grievances. Union activism is another cause. For example, the union may solicit grievances from workers to underscore ineffective supervision. Problem employees are yet another cause of grievances. These are individuals, who, by their nature, are negative, dissatisfied, and grievance prone. According to Sikula, A.F., Personnel Administration, 1978, It is not possible that all the complaints of the employees would be settled by first-line supervisors, for these supervisors may not have had a proper training for the purpose, and they may lack authority. Moreover, there may be personality conflicts and other causes as well. According to Brian Bemmels, Janice R.Foley, a common criticism of grievance procedure research is the lack of theoretical grounding for much of the research done prior to 1985. Several earlier reviews of the grievance literature raised the challenge of improving on the theoretical aspects of grievance research. According to Michael Corcoran, 2006 a solicitor in the Steeles employment team, offers advice on grievance procedures: The aim of a grievance procedure is to encourage consistency, transparency and fairness in the handling of workplace problems or complaints. It should allow the employer to seek an informal resolution where appropriate but allow for more formal proceedings should the circumstances demand. The grievance procedures must be followed in relation to any grievance about action by any employer that could form the basis of a complaint by an employee to an Employment Tribunal. A grievance is a complaint by an employee about action which his employer has taken or is contemplating taking in relation to him. Research Methodology RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insides into it. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual situation or a group. To determine the frequency with which something occurs with which it is associated with something else. To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables. RESEARCH TECHNIQUE: A research technique refers to the behavior and instruments we use in performing research operations. Here, regarding this project the techniques of Questionnaire is used with attitude skills, nominal scales, ordinal scales, and interval scales, and ratio scales mass behavioral scales. RESEARCH DESIGN: A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of date in manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. Regarding this project, descriptive research design is applied. Here, Descriptive research design is concerned with describing the dissatisfaction of each individual on his job and the diagnostic research design helps in diagnostic research design helps in determine the frequency with which something occurs or its associated with something else. These two research designs helps in understand the characteristics in a given situation, think systematically about aspects in a given situation, offers idea for probe and research help to make certain simple decision. The researcher adopted random sampling method which includes 100 executives of Reliance Communication Limited. Conclusion In conclusion it is very important to remove the misunderstandings between the misunderstandings between the employer and employee. Human relations are the most important. It is the duty of the employer to remove the conflict from the minds of his employees and to localize problems and to find out ways and means for redressal of grievance. For achieving this goal an effective grievance procedure will certainly contribute to industrial peace and contended or happy labour.

The Definition of Courage :: Expository Definition Essays

The Definition of Courage      The current dictionary definitions of courage are inadequate because they only include references to physical courage and omit instances of inner strength.   Three contemporary dictionaries agree closely on the definition although they differ in the order of importance. Webster's New World Dictionary describes courage as "an attitude of facing and dealing with anything recognized as dangerous, difficult or painful, instead of withdrawing from it," and The American Heritage Dictionary gives a similar explanation.   While The Shorter Oxford Dictionary concurs with this meaning, it states that the primary definition is "spirit, mind, or disposition."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Courage is not just found in the veteran soldier who can display shiny medals or in the policeman who bravely risks his life for justice as portrayed on television or in films.   Suicide is the antithesis of courage.   It is not an elementary school boy who agrees to fight, but he who can stand up against it.   A six year old girl who ventures out on her bicycle for the first time displays as much courage as a young man who witnesses a murder and volunteers to testify in court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Courage is a state of mind that enables a person to overcome fear, pain, danger, or hardship. Although different from one another, all aspects of courage involve taking risks. One facet, physical courage, entails facing fears of possible bodily harm.   For instance, a twenty year   old man, unable to swim, jumps into a swift current to rescue a six year old who has slipped and fallen.   A young fireman who rushes into a burning building to save a baby and a nineteen-year- old Vietnam soldier who leaves the safety of the trench to preserve the life of a wounded friend have physical courage.   Elizabeth Morgan, who risked a jail term to protect her daughter Hilary from her injurious father, exemplifies courage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another form, mental courage, means standing up and not yielding to phobias.   While some fear speaking in front of a large audience, others fear heights.   A teenager who puts down her fear of   flying to visit an ailing, distant grandmother, and a freshman who conquers his fear of public speaking to run for a student council office both exhibit mental courage. The Definition of Courage :: Expository Definition Essays The Definition of Courage      The current dictionary definitions of courage are inadequate because they only include references to physical courage and omit instances of inner strength.   Three contemporary dictionaries agree closely on the definition although they differ in the order of importance. Webster's New World Dictionary describes courage as "an attitude of facing and dealing with anything recognized as dangerous, difficult or painful, instead of withdrawing from it," and The American Heritage Dictionary gives a similar explanation.   While The Shorter Oxford Dictionary concurs with this meaning, it states that the primary definition is "spirit, mind, or disposition."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Courage is not just found in the veteran soldier who can display shiny medals or in the policeman who bravely risks his life for justice as portrayed on television or in films.   Suicide is the antithesis of courage.   It is not an elementary school boy who agrees to fight, but he who can stand up against it.   A six year old girl who ventures out on her bicycle for the first time displays as much courage as a young man who witnesses a murder and volunteers to testify in court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Courage is a state of mind that enables a person to overcome fear, pain, danger, or hardship. Although different from one another, all aspects of courage involve taking risks. One facet, physical courage, entails facing fears of possible bodily harm.   For instance, a twenty year   old man, unable to swim, jumps into a swift current to rescue a six year old who has slipped and fallen.   A young fireman who rushes into a burning building to save a baby and a nineteen-year- old Vietnam soldier who leaves the safety of the trench to preserve the life of a wounded friend have physical courage.   Elizabeth Morgan, who risked a jail term to protect her daughter Hilary from her injurious father, exemplifies courage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another form, mental courage, means standing up and not yielding to phobias.   While some fear speaking in front of a large audience, others fear heights.   A teenager who puts down her fear of   flying to visit an ailing, distant grandmother, and a freshman who conquers his fear of public speaking to run for a student council office both exhibit mental courage.

A Brief History of the Chinese in the Philippine Essay

According to The History of the Sung Dynasty or Sung Shi, published in 1343-1374, China already had trade relations with the people in the Philippines as early as the tenth century (AD 982) (Miclat, 2000). By the time of the Sung Dynasty (860-1127), Chinese colonies were already founded in some towns by the coast. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) , colonies were already found in the hinterlands (Agoncillo, 1990). When the Spanish arrived in Manila in 1571 the resident population of Chinese in the area was around one hundred and fifty. Many of them were traders in Chinese merchant ships. The Chinese said they were seng-li (or xang lai), which meant â€Å"we are traders† (Gardner). The Spanish eventually called them Sangley, which is derived from the Hokkien word seng-di or seng-li meaning â€Å"business† (Mempin, 2009). The Chinese established themselves near Spanish communities, taking on important roles as food providers, retail traders and artisans. The Spanish soon became dependent on the Chinese economically; after all, they provided many of the goods shipped to Europe through Mexico by the Manila galleon trade . However, because of cultural differences, there were also mutual feelings of distrust. There came a time when the population of Chinese outnumbered the Spanish, who were afraid that they would revolt (Wickberg, 1964). Because of this, in 1582, the Spanish required the Chinese to live in a walled compound called the Parian, which soon became the commercial center of the area (Gardner). By the sixteenth century, there was a royal order for all Chinese to be expelled from the Philippines and the Parian , evacuated. However, Governor Dasmarinas knew that the City of Manila, which was the largest Spanish settlement, were dependent on the Chinese for economic services. Governor Dasmarinas bought some land across the river from the walled city of Intramuros and turned it over to a group of known Chinese merchants and artisans, for the purpose of creating a new Chinese settlement. The intention was to formally obey the royal order, while at the same time, making sure that the Chinese would continue to provide good and services for the Spanish. The land grant was tax-free and given in perpetuity. This settlement came to be known as Binondo. In the beginning, there were no religious or cultural issues involved, but when the Spanish Dominican priests were assigned to Binondo, they turned it into a community of married Catholic Chinese and their. By the year 1600, the population was around five hundred or more, and the first generation of mestizos (mixed Chinese-native ancestry) had appeared (Wickberg, 1964). In time, Binondo came to be known as the community of Chinese and Chinese mestizos who had been baptized and converted to Catholicism, and Parian was where the n0n-Catholic Chinese lived. In the nineteenth century, there was a mass emigration of Chinese into other parts of the world as a result of wars, starvation, corruption and civil unrest in mainland China. This was called the â€Å"Chinese Diaspora†. Most of these Chinese who went overseas came from maritime provinces like Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan (Overseas Chinese, 2008). In the Philippines, most of the Chinese who immigrated in the second half of the nineteenth century came from Fujian on the southeastern coast of China (Dolan, 1991). One of these sub-provinces of Fujian is Xiamen, also commonly known as Amoy. The term Amoy became known when Xiamen became a treaty port after the 1st Opium War (1839-42), and is thought to have come from the island’s name â€Å"Ah Mo† in the local dialect (Brown, 2007). In those days, it was common for newly baptized Chinese immigrants to incorporate his baptismal sponsor’s name after his own. Let us take, for instance, the case of Don Pedro Gotiaco who is the ancestor of today’s wealthy Gokongwei clan. When he was baptized, Don Pedro’s baptismal sponsor was Don Mariano Singson, from a well-known mestizo family. Don Pedro incorporated his sponsor’s name into his own, which was commonly done those days. The sponsor or â€Å"padrino† was considered a necessary protector for a new immigrant like Don Pedro.

Health Care Accreditation by the Joint Commission Essays

Health Care Accreditation by the Joint Commission Essays Health Care Accreditation by the Joint Commission Paper Health Care Accreditation by the Joint Commission Paper Current success and progress in the health care industry owes a lot to the work of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health organizations (JCAHO) now the Joint Commission. Heath care quality and safety have become the basis for evaluating the competence of health care establishments as well as the compliance with international health care standards. The Joint Commission is a non-profit organization established in 1951 in the United States with the main objective of evaluating and accrediting health care organizations. To date, close to 16,000 organizations in the health care industry in the United States have been accredited by the Joint Commission. Of the 16,000, about 3,900 are home care establishments, 4,400 are hospitals while more than 7,000 include other health care organizations providing related services such as ambulatory care, laboratory, long term services and behavioral health care (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare, 2010). Moreover, the commission is involved in the evaluation and accreditation of networks for health care and health plans. The affairs of the commission are governed by a number of representatives drawn from the American College of Surgeons, the American Hospital association, the American College of Physicians, the American Dental Association, the American Medical Association, six public members, the president of the Joint Commission (JC) and a nursing representative (Joint Commission Resources, 2002-2009). However, as from July 2010, the Joint Commission will be subject to the Medicaid and Medicare Centres since the Section 125 of MIPPA-Medicare Improvement for Patients and Providers Act enacted in 2008 recently withdrew the commission’s statutory guaranteed authority. The Joint Commission provides through the accreditation services, a structure that helps health care provision establishments to improve safety and performance. This certification helps these establishments to raise the performance bar on a companywide perspective as well as providing a means for health home care providers to asses and monitor their personal performance basing on the JCAHO-led organizational quality initiatives. Despite the commission being privately run, most state governments have come to recognize its services such that they acknowledge accreditation by the commission as a basic requirement for health care organizations seeking licensure and the Medicaid reimbursement. The Joint Commission spreads information, measures performance, advocates for the implementation of measures on patient safety and introduces the recommendations formulated in various public policies. The commission works in collaboration with the private non-profit making affiliate known as the Joint Commission Resources, Inc (Joint Commission Resources, 2002-2009). In 1997, JCR formed the Joint Commission International (JCI) to extend the mandate of the Joint Commission world wide. On an international level, JCI provides consultation, accreditation, training programs and also publishes accreditation manuals. The Joint Commission has successfully spread its mission to over sixty countries where it evaluates, demonstrates and enhances patient care quality and safety by working in collaboration with the various agencies in public health, health ministries as well as international organizations in healthcare such as WHO. The commission’s goals on patient safety and accreditation standards are updated annually so as to maintain high standards of health care quality. The goals of the commission seek to address the problematic health care areas and also to describe both expert and evidence-based solutions to handle such problems. Most of these goals focus on system wide designs as it plays a central role in the delivery of high quality health care and safety. The process of accreditation The accreditation services are customized to meet the setting of an organization and at the same time maintaining the goals of the commission. The accreditation experts from JC offer an organization comprehensive and practical assistance to it prepare for accreditation (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare, 2010). They begin with an assessment of the organization’s level of compliance with JCI’s standards and then assist in formulating important procedures or steps that will help the organization to meet JCI’s standards. The assessment covers the ambulatory care, the continuum of care, health care transport services, laboratory, and the hospital after which a comprehensive report is prepared and from which corrective actions are formed. Apart from guiding through the preparation of the action plan, the expert consultants provide training and education to the staff. The experts then continue to provide both on and off-site assistance to ensure that the action plans are working. Periodical simulated surveys similar to the JCI’s survey are conducted with the help of the experts to assess readiness for accreditation. A comprehensive survey is also conducted 6 to 8 moths prior to the actual accreditation survey. Accreditation is provided once the preparation is over and the organization is fully compliant to the standards. JCI monitors the systems of the organizations form time to time to ensure compliance. References Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare. (2010). Accreditation Process Guide for Hospitals. Joint Commission on. Joint Commission Resources. Accreditation and Certification. (2002-2009). Retrieved 12 May 2010 from jointcommissioninternational.org/Search/

Points To Consider Example

Points To Consider Example Points To Consider – Article Example The Allegory of the Cave by Plato Question According to Plato, he believes that people do have different ideas and also that these ideas are innate. They surpass all the knowledge that individuals gain through their own experience. He believes that is not easy to change the ideas that people have since it has taken them years for such ideas to be seared into their minds. The only way that people can change is by having dialect reasoning and being open-minded about the surroundings and the environment around them. He claimed that education given to students was not about putting words into minds that were empty. It was about making people come to realize that they already knew what they were being taught and they did not know it. For example, it is not easy to change a person’s way of life like their culture since they believe in it; but is the right channel is used, then there is a way to channel the individual from their path (Plato, 102). Question 2 According to Pluto, one o f the most important things to undergo is change. But even as people undergo change, they should not become lost in it that they forget themselves. One of the most important ways in which one can make sure that they maintain their status quo is through their beliefs. Change is inevitable, and people must conform to change while still maintaining their status quo. It is not an option that people do change and still manage to maintain their status quo. An example from real life can be seen by the embrace of technology. Many people have embraced technology while still remaining true to their culture and their status quo intact (Plato, 122). Question 3 The role of the legislator, according to Pluto, is to have high moral responsibility in order to guide the people in a kingly way. Their task was to achieve enlightenment in order to lead the people. An example can be taken from the few leaders of today who stand for that truth. Their main duty is to unshackle their people from the chains that bound them from succeeding and forging ahead (Plato, 160). Question 4 Leadership can bring two results; positive influence or negative influence, and in particular on change. Leaders do play a very important role in determining whether the change will be positive of negative. Depending on the change methods that are used, their effectiveness around and in an organization can bring a lot of change. Leadership that is required should be strong, clear and motivational. There should be the presence of support, communication, participation, and planning (Plato, 202). Plato.  The Allegory of the Cave. Brea, CA: P & L Publication, 2010. Print.

Regulation of Commercial Banking Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Regulation of Commercial Banking - Case Study Example The purpose of such banking regulations, the justification for having such regulations and the extent to which these regulations are implemented in banking customs across the world are studied in some detail. Bank regulations comprise of government regulations that sets out certain requirements and rules, restrictions and guidelines, that banks, of different countries are supposed to follow to maintain the integrity of the financial system. Bank Regulations in the US is not as closely knit as in other countries and the regulators could be Federal Reserve Board, or other state regulatory bodies. The banking regulations across the world are focused not just on safety and security but also on privacy of customers, disclosure issues, anti money laundering issues, anti terrorism issues, promotion of lending to lower income groups, and fraud prevention. Different cities tend to have their own financial regulation laws and these laws are in place to allow governments and banks to work closely in matters related to national security and financial needs. The Bank Secrecy Act or BSA requires financial institutions to assist government agencies to detect money laundering practices. Financial institutions tend to keep records of cash purchases and file reports of transactions above a certain amount. These institutions are required to report suspicious activities of money laundering, fraud, privacy intrusion and tax evasion as well as other criminal activities to the government and appropriate authorities. Financial institutions are also required to invest in communities and a file must be maintained on the support provided to communities. Financial institutions are required to disclose data about home purchases, home finance, home purchase and pre-approvals, home improvement, and refinance applications as well as multifamily dwellings in accordance with the Home Mortgage Disclosure act. Apart from this and the Community Reinvestment Act, there are Reserve Requirements for certain Institutions. The reserve requirements indicate the minimum reserve that banks must have so that this money as deposits could come to some use during severe recession. Barrios and Blanco (2003) analyses the extent to which banking firms set their rates of capital equity over assets and have developed two theoretical models that tend to demonstrate capital ratio for firms which are affected and not affected by capital regulation. Freixas and Santomero (2002) use the regulatory theory to analyze the theory of banking regulation and consider the justifications of financial intermediation to identify market failures that would make certain banking regulations necessary. The analysis of regulation tends to compare within the domains of banking and industrial organization and shows why banking regulations act as a safety net for banks and why and how it should be structured in a way that could make banking systems more efficient. In a study by Hendrickson and Nichols (2001) annual bank insured data were utilized from 1936 through 1989 to evaluate bank regulations and bank risks with cross country comparisons. A bank tends to operate in a

Is Theseus an example of a typical ancient Greek hero Essay

Is Theseus an example of a typical ancient Greek hero - Essay Example The story follows the same motifs that are followed by other hero stories. These motifs include the background of the hero, the heroic tasks accomplished by the hero, his love life and his downfall due to his own mistakes. Similar to several other Greek hero stories, the story of Theseus even focuses on the background of the heroes. Lord Raglan has provided events that occur in the lives of a Greek hero and some of these events relate to the background regarding the birth of the hero. Raglan states that a Greek hero is mostly born to a royal mother and his father is either mortal or an immortal person (Dowden 104). The father of a hero in most cases is either a God or a King. In Theseus case, he was actually born to a king named Aegeus but was brought up by a king named Pittheus who was also his grandfather (Grant 14). Raglan even states that just before or just right after the birth of a Greek hero, the child is tried to be killed by his own father or even by his own grandfather. In the story of Theseus, he was not tried to be killed by any of his relatives at birth. Raglan even noted that most of the Greek heroes are brought up by either one of the parents or by parents who are not related to him by blood. In case of Theseus, he was brought up by her mother, but he even had his grandfather as a father image and is not brought up by foster parents. Furthermore Raglan argues that when the Greek hero grows up or reaches the life stage of manhood, he is informed about his actual father and later sets out to claim the kingdom he is going to control in future (Dowden 104). In case of Theseus, his mother later informs him that his father is a King and guides him to perform a task that will prove to the king that Theseus is his son. He completes the task which is to lift a stone and obtain the sandal and sword of his father and sets out on a journey to meet his father and live under his father’s Kingdom. Another important element of a heroic story

Learning Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Learning Style - Essay Example There are, however, those that have admitted that if they want to be at time annoying they may stay in a mode that is different from the person that they are working with (Van, 2007). For example, when asking for evidence in an argument they might ask for written evidence clearly knowing that the other person often likes to use oral information. A multimodal learning preference can be described as a preferred way of learning new information or material that incorporates several different and diverse styles of learning. The different modes of learning that are combined in multimodal are visual and auditory. It is imperative to understand that one is a unique learner, and there is no one that learns exactly as another (PavicÃŒÅ'icÃŒ , 2008). However, there exist a lot of benefits in discovering one’s learning style. First all in academic matters, it often gives on a head start and maximizes one’s learning potential. Secondly, it helps one to succeed in college, or university as one is able to understand how he or she learns best. Further, one is allowed to learn more by overcoming the limitations of poor instructors as well as reduce the stress and frustration that is often accompanied by one not fully realizing his or her learning style. When it comes to teaching it is imperative for a tutor to understand the different learning styles of his or her student. The tutors must realize that all the students have different learning styles that are unique and for this reason they should be treated as such. If the tutor understands the different learning styles of the students, he or she might become an effective tutor because information will be released easily. Research often suggests that each person often tends to adopt a particular approach when studying (Van, 2007). My preferred learning style is multimodal; this is because this learning style is a combination of all the learning styles. It involves auditory, and visual.

Mobile Phones Should Be Banned While Driving Essay Example for Free

Mobile Phones Should Be Banned While Driving Essay The risk of getting into a car accident while talking on a mobile phone while driving is growing as the number of mobile phone subscribers increases. Engaging in a phone conversation on a mobile phone while driving distracts the brain and delays reaction times which are more likely to cause drivers to swerve between lanes, slow down and miss important signs. Mobile phones should be banned while driving because they are risky. An Australian study conducted in 2005, estimated that the risk of a collision when using a mobile phone was four times higher than the risk when a mobile phone was not being used. 456 drivers who owned phones, were involved in crashes. By collecting these drivers’ mobile phone records, scientists determined those who made telephone calls just before the time of the crash. Case crossover analysis of mobile phone habits enabled the scientists to calculate the increase in risk. Even hands-free devices were not that safer. An earlier study in 2003, integrated data from questionnaires, mobile phone companies and crash records kept by the police. It found that the overall relative risk (RR) of having an accident for mobile phone users when compared to non-mobile phone users averaged 1.38 across all groups. The RR was then adjusted for kilometers driven per year and other crash exposures. When this was done RR was 1.11 for men and 1.21 for women. The study also revealed that increased mobile phone use correlated with an increase in RR. However, there are some objections to the call for the ban of mobile phone use while driving. According to the Associated Press, CTIA – The Wireless Association, a mobile phone trade group in America, objected to a complete ban. Its vice-president, John Walls, is reported as saying, â€Å" we think that you can sensibly and safely use a mobile phone to make a brief call.† Although there are objections, there is sufficient evidence to prove that using a mobile phone while driving is risky. Using a mobile phone while driving, taxes the cognitive skills of the brain at the expense of driving. The vast majority of drivers have no idea that using the mobile phone while driving is risky. argumentative essay

Differences between Windows Version 1.0.2 and 1.0.3:

Differences between Windows Version 1.0.2 and 1.0.3: Windows version Changes between 1.0.2 and 1.0.3: Video outputs: * Fix video quality when resizing the video on Windows Vista and 7, due to regressions in most popular drivers * New deinterlacers modules based on yadif and yadif(x2) algorithms Decoders: * Windows version supports now natively the WMA Professional codec, as it didnt work in the packaged version of 1.0.2 * Fix downmixing of particual 4.0 AC-3 audio tracks Encoders: * x264 has profile-limitter, like: #transcode{vcodec=h264,venc=x264{profile=baseline,level=12}..} Input: * Update for appletrailers lua script * Fixes on the RAR stream filter * Fix for E-AC3 in ATSC/TS streams * Various fixes for v4l and v4l2 * Fix a crash in mjpeg demuxer Service discovery: * New udev module for linux Qt4 interface: * Fixes on the playlist and the stream output panels Translations: * French, Galician, Korean, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Ukrainian updates Changes between 1.0.1 and 1.0.2: Decoders: * Native support for WMA Professional, without the use of the Win32 dlls * Fix issues in subtitles, especially SSA ones * Various fixes on theora and ogg Demuxers: * Various fixes for EPG support in MPEG-TS demuxer * Fixes for potential stack overflow in .avi, .mp4 and .asf demuxers Access: * Fixes for v4l2 devices * Fixes for dvb-c channels-scanning Qt Interface: * Fix some playlist sorting issues Mac OS X Interface: * Fixed a crash when updating VLC * Fixed a crash related to QTKit when opening video files (10.6 only) * Added the ability to play 2nd media in sync to the primary item (input-slave) * Added the Quit after Playback feature Mac OS X Port: * The Delete Preferences script is now delivered as a Universal Binary with native code for PowerPC, Intel and Intel 64bit * Full 64bit runtime compatibility on both Mac OS X 10.5 and 10.6 no support for Goom and SDL limited text rendering support This port is still considered as EXPERIMENTAL despite its binary release. Encoders: * MPEG2 transrate stream output removed * x264 default-values closer to x264.exe defaults. * x264 rc-behaviour fixes: if user defines qp-value, CQP-mode is used otherwise if user defines vb=0, CRF-mode is used otherwise ABR-mode is used * x264 set vbv-bufsize/vbv-maxsize better if user hasnt defined these: ABR mode set vbv-max-bitrate=bitrate vbv-bufsize is bitrate * seconds between keyframes (keyint/fps) Playlist: * Lua scripts for Mpora and Vimeo playback Unix builds: * Various fixes to enable 1.0 to build on Solaris and OpenBSD Translations: * New Kazakh and Croatian translations * Lithunanian translation is available on Windows * Galician, Korean, Nepali, Vietnamese, Ukrainian, Brazilian, Arabic and French translation updates Changes between 1.0.0 and 1.0.1: Demuxers: * Fix wmv/asf issues that caused audio to drop * Various fixes for ac3, mp3, dts and stability for wav format * Fix seek in RTSP in conformity to RFC 2326 * Fix Dailymotion access script * Fix crashes in xspf files handler * Fix seeking and timing issues in some flv files on Windows version Access: * Add extra caching for files on network shares * Prevent integer underflow in Real pseudo-RTSP module, discovered by tixxDZ, DZCORE Labs, Algeria Decoders: * Fix seeking in mpeg2 video files * Improve SSA subtitles rendering * Update most codecs for the Windows and Mac version Muxers: * Fix sound recording of .flv files with mp3 audio Qt Interface: * Possibility to change the opacity level of the Fullscreen controller * Fix various crashes and VIDEO_TS folders opening Mac OS X Interface: * Added options to disable support for Apple Remote and Media Keys * Fixed options for Volume, Last.fm password and Subtitle Encoding * Fixed redraw issues when autosizing the video window * Preferences panel now includes help through tool-tips * More reliable Information and Messages panels * Fix various crashes Windows port: * The ZVBI module is now available for Windows, for complete teletext support Translations updates for Brazillian, French, German, Korean, Norwegian Nynorsk, Lithuanian Changes between 0.9.9a and 0.9.10: HTTP Interface: * Fixed default ACL Mac OS X: * Fixed crashes on multi-screen setups * Corrected volume and subtitle encoding options in the Preferences * Improved Information panel behavior, when playlist is not displayed * Fixed QTCapture input support for the latest iSight models * Added a menu-item to unlock the video windows aspect ratio * Fixed redraw issues when autosizing the video window * Updated libpng, libgpg-error, libgcrypt, fribidi Various fixes to the following modules: * access: HTTP, SMB updated and additional access scripts (BBC radio, dailymotion, ) Prevent integer underflow in Real pseudo-RTSP module, discovered by tixxDZ, DZCORE Labs, Algeria * stream out: RTP, RTSP VoD, Mosaic Bridge * decoder: TSCC Changes between 0.9.9a and 1.0.0: Important notes: - * Alsa and OSS audio capture has been removed from the v4l and v4l2 accesses. See Access: for more info. * Support for Mac OS X 10.4.x was dropped due to its technical limitations Playback: * Instantaneous pausing * Frame-by-Frame playback * Finer speed control * On-the-fly recording for all medias * Timeshift for most medias * RTSP trickplay support * Subtitles core improvements and fixes Decoders: * New AES3 (SMPTE 302M) decoder * New Dolby Digital Plus E-AC-3 (A/52b) decoder * New True HD/MLP decoder and parser * New Blu-Ray Linear PCM decoder * New QCELP (Qualcomm PureVoice) decoder * Improved Real Video 3.0 4.0 decoder * New WMA v1/2 fixed point integer decoder * Closed Captions using the SCTE-20 standard are now correctly decoded * Improvement of WavPack decoder to support all integer modes and float mode * Corrections on 5.1 and 7.1 channel decoding and ordering Demuxers: * Support for Dirac, MLP and RealVideo in Matroska files * Major improvements in RealMedia files opening (.rm and .rmvb) * Improvements of the TS demuxer for M2TS files from Blu-Ray and AVCHD * Metadata for mod files are supported * GSM codecs in Wav files are supported * New raw audio demuxer supporting raw PCM streams * New Dirac demuxer for raw Dirac streams Encoders: * Dirac encoding using libdirac (supported in Ogg and in TS) * Shine mp3 fixed-point encoder Access: * RTSP authentication with Darwin Streaming Server * On-the-fly gzip and bzip2 file decompression (except on Windows) * Playback for video in uncompressed multi-RAR archives * DVB-S and ATSC cards support on Windows * New OSS and Alsa accesses. The v4l2 and v4l modules no longer support OSS or Alsa audio input. Use input-slave alsa:// or oss:// if needed. * DVB scanning on linux * EXPERIMENTAL Blu-Ray Disc and AVCHD Folders support * On-the-fly zip file decompression and browsing (MRL of the form zip://file.zip!/file.avi to specify the file the development form of zip://file.zip|file.avi is not supported anymore) * Opening of any file descriptor using fd:// * MTP device access on Unix * CD-Text support on the cdda module (CD-Audio) * :start-time and :stop-time can handle sub-second values Inputs: * Mouse cursor support in x11 and win32 screen modules * Screen module now features partial screen capture and mouse following on Windows and Mac OS X. Playlist: * Export the playlist in HTML * Lua script for BBC radio playback * Better metadata handling and reading Linux/Windows interface: * Global Hotkeys on Windows and Linux * Various fixes for skins2 interface * Recently played items list * Interface toolbar customizations * Various Improvements on the Qt interface: More menus actions Finer speed slider Improvements on many dialogs New dialog for plugins listing Fixed-size mode for videos Better Teletext, trickplay and encrypted streams control * Better integration in GTK environments Mac OS X Interface: * Controllable by the Media Keys on modern Apple keyboards (brushed Aluminium) * Reveal-in-Finder functionality for locally stored items. * Easy addition of subtitles through the Video menu * Additional usability improvements Stream output: * Restored the old mpeg2 transrating module. * Multiple bridge-in instances are now possible. * bridge-in can be used to configure a placeholder stream. * Remote Audio Output Protocol (AirTunes) module. * Fixed mosaic memleak. Mosaics are now usable again. Maemo Port: * New Maemo port with: an interface based on Hildon framework. scaler based on the swscale_nokia770 library. Windows CE Port: EXPERIMENTAL work for the winCE port has been done. Mac OS X Port: * EXPERIMENTAL 64bit support * Speed improvements by using llvm-gcc * New document icons by Dominic Spitaler * Support for latest iSight models Audio output: * Removed obsolete Esound and aRts plugins * Surround support for PulseAudio Video output: * Effects (cube, torus, etc.) removed from OpenGL video output * Video is able to stay in original size and to zoom in fullscreen (hotkey o) while keeping black borders * Image video output has been rewritten into a video-filter named scene. The old image video output has been removed. * Support for scaling and converting video chromas with FFMPEG imgresample was withdrawn due to bugs. Please use the newer FFMPEG swscale instead. Miscellaneous: * Invmem, a fake codec to display images from external applications New Localization: * Khmer * Mongolian * Sorani Changes between 0.9.9 and 0.9.9a: Mac OS X: * Updated multiple 3rd party libraries to keep in sync with the Win32 port * Playback fixes for PowerPC-based Macs Changes between 0.9.8a and 0.9.9: Decoders: * Experimental new decoder for Real Video 3.0 4.0 Demuxers: * Various fixes related to real demuxer Mac OS X Interface: * Fixed circumstances, which could lead to an empty Information panel Note that VLC will show information on the currently _selected_ item instead of the currently _playing_ item, if the playlist is visible in the main controller window. * Fixed multiple UTF8 issues in the Streaming / Exporting Wizard Mac OS X Port: * Improved video playback performance on Intel-based Macs New Localizations: * Indonesian * Bengali * Updates of other localizations Various bugfixes: * Support for receiving RTP packets on odd port numbers. * Lots of small bugfixes. * Correct Fullscreen behaviour on Multi-Screen setups on Windows * Telnet fixes on Windows * Resampling fixes when transcoding Changes between 0.9.6 and 0.9.8a: Security update: * Fixed buffer overflow in Real demuxer (SA-0811, CVE-2008-5276) Bunch of small bugfixes. Changes between 0.9.5 and 0.9.6: New Localizations: * Ukranian Security updates: * Fixed overflow in CUE support from VCD access (SA-0810, CVE-2008-5032) * Fixed overflow in RealText subtitles support (SA-0810, CVE-2008-5036) Changes between 0.9.4 and 0.9.5: Security updates: * Fixed buffer overflow in TiVo demuxer (SA-0809, CVE-2008-4686, CVE-2008-4654) * Fixed libpng CVE-2008-3964 in Win32 and MacOS builds Features: * Closed Caption EIA 608/708 parsing enabled for libmpeg2 Various bugfixes: * Fixed various potential crashes and memleaks * Fixed issues with reading from files (especially non-local) Windows port: * Fix bug where interface was eating some media keys * Fix some crashes in DirectShow access Qt Interface: * Fix bug when the resetting of preferences didnt reset the dialog states * Right-click menu to select playlist columns reenabled * Various fixed in playlist Access: * MMAP module is now deactivated by default Translations: * Update of Brazillian, Swedish translation Changes between 0.9.3 and 0.9.4: Various bugfixes: * Crashes fixed in ogg, vobsub, dvdread * Fixes several memory leaks. Mac OS X port: * Apple machines without Quartz Extreme are no longer supported (use 0.9.2 or earlier ) * Fixed a crash with deletion of old preferences. * Fixed targetname for downloaded updates Windows port: * Stability fix for the video output. Changes between 0.9.2 and 0.9.3: Various bugfixes: * Fixed DTS channel order on 5.1 systems * Fixed pausing behavior for subtitles and for Audio-CD * Multiple subtitles and podcast fixes * Various crashes fixed in PS, SSA, mkv, xspf, freetype * Fixed update system bugs * Other bug fixes (dvd language selection, subtitle colours, HTTP keep-alive+) Mac OS X port: * Fixed ffmpeg slowness on PowerPC-based Macs * Fixed crash on startup when installed on old preferences * Fixed bug in directory opening on Mac OS X * Fixed font selection in the Simple Preferences * Thicker border to the subtitle renderer * Fixed the appearance of playlist items in the Streaming/Transcoding Wizard * Fixed AC3 passthrough on Mac OS X * Fixed behavior of the Volume Normalizer settings on Mac OS X * Removed the deprecated QuickDraw video output module to avoid crashes on modern Mac OS X versions Windows port: * Fixed sensitivity of Fullscreen Controller * Fixed error messages on startup when VLC wasnt correctly uninstalled before installation * Fix showing of controller when returning from fullscreen playback * Multiple directory and path location fixes. Qt4 interface: * Added Faster/Slower icons to the controller panel * Fixed lost playlist columns when switching the playlist view * Added needed options to Simple preferences (to avoid NVIDIA drivers issues) * Fullscreen controller: added time label, remembering of last position * Fixed dragn drop behaviour on the playlist * Multiple other fixes (Enter hotkey in preferences, Skins selection) Changes between 0.9.1 and 0.9.2: * Restored the old behavior of sout-keep. It is now de-activated by default. * Skins2 interface repaired on Windows. * Multiple bugfixes. Changes between 0.9.1 and 0.9.0: * Multiple bug fixes. Changes between 0.8.6i and 0.9.0: Important notes: - * This release will need Windows 2000 and Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), or more recent to work correctly * The HTTP interface is now only available on the local machine by default. If you want to make it available from other machines, you will have to edit the .hosts file. On UNIX/Linux, the file is in /usr/share/vlc/http/.hosts If youre using the old http interface, its located in /usr/share/vlc/http/old/.hosts On Windows they are in C:Program FilesVideoLANVLChttp.hosts and C:Program FilesVideoLANVLChttpold.hosts On Mac OS X, you can find it in VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/share/http/.hosts and respectively in VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/share/http/old/.hosts * This version of VLC contains a new interface for Windows and Linux. This interface has a fullscreen controller and simplified preferences. This interface lacks the Streaming Wizard that used to be present in VLC 0.8.6, but provides basic profiles. * The behavior of sout-keep was changed. Its now activated by default. * The marq, mosaic and logo commands in the rc interface changed. They now require a target name as their first argument. Example: vlc sub-filter [emailprotected]{marquee=Hello} -I rc You can then use commands like: @test marq-marquee Goodbye If you didnt name the object using @test, its name will default to the plugin name (hence marq) in this example. These new commands are also available in the telnet interface. * The rtp access output module has been removed. Please use the RTP stream output instead, e.g.: Old: #std{access=rtp,mux=ts,dst=239.255.1.2:5004,sap} New: #rtp{mux=ts,dst=239.255.1.2,port=5004,sap} * You now need to append m3u-extvlcopt to your command line to enable EXTVLCOPT options parsing in m3u playlists. Note that only a limited set of options is available to m3u playlists (CVE-2007-6683). * The old access:url syntax is no longer supported to resolve ambiguities with some file names. Use access://url instead. E.g.: vlc:quit -> vlc://quit ; udp:@239.255.12.12 -> udp://@239.255.12.12 * The ffmpeg module has been removed and replaced by the new avcodec, avformat, swscale (or imgresample if you use a swscale-less ffmpeg build) and postproc modules. * The web plugins ActiveX (IE)/Firefox/Mozilla/Safari now recognize the following states: IDLE/CLOSE=0, OPENING=1, BUFFERING=2, PLAYING=3, PAUSED=4, STOPPING=5, FORWARD=6, BACKWARD=7, ENDED=8, ERROR=9. With FORWARD and BACKWARD being reserved for future implementations and are thus not functional atm. * Croping and padding in transcode are now done using the croppadd video filter. For example: transcode{vcodec=mp2v,vfilter=croppadd{cropttop=20,cropbottom=30,paddleft=100}} * Canvas setting in transcode is now done using the canvas video filter. For example: transcode{vcodec=mp2v,vfilter=canvas{width=640,height=480}} * Glide video output module has been removed. Changes: Security updates: * Updated libfreetype on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1806, CVE-2008-1806, CVE-2008-1807) * TTA Parser improvements (CVE-2008-3732) * MMS Access Module improvements (CVE-2008-3794 ) Playlist: * Vastly improved playlist support: * Media library creation to save all your playlist items * Live search * Shoutcast TV listings * Audioscrobbler/Last.FM support * Album art support * User definable Lua playlist scripts. See share/lua/playlist/README.txt (Default scripts open YouTube, DailyMotion, metacafe, Google Video and lots of other URLs) * User definable Lua album art fetcher scripts. See share/lua/meta/README.txt Inputs: * Video for Linux 2 (V4L2) input support * UDP-Lite transport for RTP/AVP * DCCP transport for RTP/AVP * Proxy support for MMSH stream * JACK audio input support * Input run time option (improved live stream recording) * BDA devices access module for DVB-C/S/T capture cards on Microsoft Windows * Re-written Screen access module for Mac OS X using OpenGL instead of QuickDraw * Screen module now supports partial screen capture and mouse following on X11. * Experimental EyeTV access module This requires the user to install a plugin to EyeTV.app (available as a separate download). * Simple RTP input (with MPEG A/V, G.711 and PCM support). * RTMP input support * QTKit-based Input module for Mac OS X allowing display and streaming of video taken from all iSight-labelled video cameras (no audio support) * HTTP access now supports gzip compressed data and Digest Access Authentication. * New options to reduce latency between arrival of raw data and display of frames. (auto-adjust-pts-delay and use-stream-immediate) Demuxers: * MP4 gpac and Apple chapter support * Fixed playback of AIFF stereo files * Fixed audio glitch on seek * Improved FLAC demuxer (duration / current time / meta data) * AAC tags support * APEv1/2 tags support * Improved ID3v2 tags support * Improved Ogg/Vorbis tags support * Raw video support * Standard MIDI File (types 0 1) support * TiVo Series 2 support * CD+G karaoke Files support * MXF files support * OMA support Decoders: * VP60/VP61/VP6F/VP62 support * Flash Screen Video support * CamStudio Screen Video support * DosBox Capture support * Karl Mortons Video support * limited atrac3 support * Fraps support * Fluidsynth MIDI software synthesis (with external sound fonts) * New codec FOURCCs to support more specific files: Avid, FCP, Sony, Samsung, * H.264 PAFF support * DNxHD / VC-3 support * NellyMoser ASAO support * APE (Monkey audio) support * RealVideo support (with the RealVideo run-time) * Dirac video support using libschroedinger Subtitles: * Closed Caption Decoder (DVD, ReplayTV, TiVo, DVB/ATSC) * VBI EBU (Teletext) support (*nix, Mac OS) * Ogg/Kate subtitles support * AQTitle subtitles support * MKV USF subtitles support * HTML-based subtitles support * MPSub subtitles support * JacoSub subtitles basic support * MPL2 subtitles support * Rewrite of ASS/SSA scripts and subtitles support * PowerDivx (.psb) Subtitles support * Realtext subtitle support * DKS subtitle support * SubViewer 1.0 (SubRip09) subtitles support * Correct Right-to-left languages in subtitles support Encoders: * Flash Screen Video support * Improved H.264 encoding speed Video outputs and filters: * New CoreAnimation-based output module (VLCKit framework on OS X only) * Adjust, Invert and Distort (now split into Wave, Ripple, Gradient and Psychedelic) video filters can now be streamed * New puzzle video output filter * Re-written motion detection video filter * New extract video filter (extract Red, Green and Blue components from a video) * New sharpen video filter (increase the contrast of adjacent pixels) * New erase video filter (removes logos from a video) * Enhanced subtitles renderer to support bold, italic and some HTML tags (Google Summer of Code Student project) * Support for RGBA and I420 blending. The latter improves Mosaic CPU usage *a lot*. * New transparency mask video filter (for use with the mosaic_bridge module). * New bluescreen video filter (for use with the mosaic_bridge module). This was previously part of the mosaic module. * Fixed random characters problem in RSS filter. * Add rotate-deciangle for more precision on rotate filter * Support for Intel SSE2 instruction set in chroma converters * Improved use of Intel MMX instruction set in chroma converters * New croppadd and canvas video filters. Audio outputs and filters: * Replay gain support * Audio playback when going slower/faster (with pitch correction via new scaletempo audio filter) * New spatializer audio filter * Correct DTS output via S/PDIF Stream output: * RTSP for TS-multiplexed broadcast streams * New RTP payload formats: * Speex voice audio codec * ITU T.140 (for text, subtitles) output * G.711 (both A-law and  µ-law) output * UDP-Lite transport for RTP * DCCP transport for RTP * Lots of fixes for RTSP broadcasting * RTMP output Interfaces: * All * New Simple Preferences dialogs showing the most important settings in an end-user suitable way. * Improved user interaction * Improved mouse gestures * Vastly improved Update checker * Full support for meta data editing (ID3v2, Ogg/Vorbis, AAC, APEv1/2) * Windows/Linux * Brand new interface for Linux and Windows, based on the Qt toolkit * Fullscreen controller (transparency on Linux+Composite) * Mac OS X * Improved video output features * Online access to VideoLANs Help Wiki within VLC * New setting to disable the Recent Items service * When playing Radio (live) streams, the current track is shown correctly * Correct appearance on Macs using Aquas graphite theme * Simplified Extended Controls panel * Ncurses: * Correctly displays wide characters when using an UTF-8 locale, if libncursesw is available. * Some nice colors if the terminal supports it (most do) * Experimental Lua interface modules. See vlc -I lua and share/lua/playlist/README.txt for more info. * Unix * Option to allow only one running instance, using D-Bus interface. * D-Bus Interface implementing the MPRIS (Media Player Remote Interfacing specification), a common dbus control interface for media players that intends to become an xdg standard when finished: http://wiki.xmms2.xmms.se/index.php/Media_Player_Interfaces . * Motion module using disk accelerometers to keep video horizontal * Plugin to set Telepathy presence message using MissionControl * Fixed VLM schedule time on Linux Linux Port: * VLC now complies with the XDG Base Directory Specification version 0.6 http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-0.6.html (which means that VLC doesnt use the $HOME/.vlc directory anymore) Mac OS X Port: * Mac OS X Framework VLCKit that can be used to embed VLC in third party applications (Google Summer of Code Student project, Mac OS X 10.5 only) * New text renderer based on Quartz replacing the existing Freetype solution * Complete compatibility with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard * It is now required to compile a fully featured build * The support of Mac OS X 10.3.9 and QuickTime 6.x was discontinued. LibVLC: * Event management and various improvements in libvlc (Part of a Google Summer of Code Student project) New Localizations: * Finnish * Persian * Polish * Punjabi * Bulgarian Developers: * LibVLC now supports externally built plugins properly. A vlc-plugin pkg-config package is provided. * Java bindings are now built from a separate source. Changes between 0.8.6h and 0.8.6i: - Security updates: * Fixed integer overflow in WAV demuxer (CVE-2008-2430) Various bugfixes: * Fixed option to use shared memory within the GLX video output module * Improved galaktos-based audio visualizations on FreeBSD * Miscellaneous bugfixes in multiple modules and in libvlc (transcode stream output, OSD menu video filter, VCD input, SAP services discovery, http control interface) * Updated Polish translation Changes between 0.8.6g and 0.8.6h: - Security updates: * Updated GnuTLS and libgcrypt on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1948, CVE-2008-1949, CVE-2008-1950) * Updated libxml2 on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2007-6284) Goodies: * Updated libebml and libmatroska on Mac OS X. Reliability improvements. * Miscellaneous bugfixes in multiple modules and in libvlc (ftp access, record access filter, video filters, RC interface, playlist demuxer, IP networking, MPJPEG muxer, stream outputs) * Improved support for MPEG2 content created by Final Cut Pro * More reliable audio reception for MPEG TS streams * Fixed a regression in 0.8.6g where usage of the snapshot feature could lead to an unexpected application termination * New Serbian translation * Updated Romanian translation Changes between 0.8.6f and 0.8.6g: - Security updates: * Removed VLC variable settings from Mozilla and ActiveX (CVE-2007-6683, VideoLAN-SA-0804) * Removed loading plugins from the current directory (CVE-2008-2147, VideoLAN-SA-0805) * Updated libpng on Windows and Mac OS X (CVE-2008-1382) * Fixed libid3tag denial of service (CVE-2008-2109) * Fixed libvorbis vulnerabilities (CVE-2008-1419, CVE-2008-1420, CVE-2008-1423) * Fixed speex insufficient boundary check (CVE-2008-1686, oCERT-2008-004) Various bugfixes: * Fixed various memory leaks, improving stability when running as a server * Fixed compilation with recent versions of FFmpeg * Correctly parses SAP announcements from MPEG-TS * Fixed AAC resampling * The Fullscreen Controller appears correctly on Mac OS X, if the Always-on-top video option was selected. Changes between 0.8.6e and 0.8.6f: - Security updates: * Really fixed subtitle buffer overflow (CVE-2007-6681, CVE-2008-1881) * Fixed Real RTSP code execution problem (CVE-2008-